Damaged volume due to the beetle infestation exceeded 50 million m3 in 2018. The epidemic worsened in 2019, with damaged volume almost double that in 2018. Preliminary estimates for 2020 indicate that beetle damaged volumes will be at similar levels to 2019.  Coniferous industrial roundwood prices in Europe dropped as a result, particularly in central Europe. Initially this occurred only in beetle-affected areas, but eventually it spilled over into unaffected areas, with many of the countries suffering bark-beetle outbreaks becoming net exporters of roundwood (in some cases reversing traditional trade flows of coniferous industrial roundwood).  ...