{"id":82987,"date":"2022-09-30T07:26:28","date_gmt":"2022-09-30T07:26:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tin.happy-projects.ro\/energetic-use-wood-criticism-justified-2\/"},"modified":"2025-09-17T11:23:45","modified_gmt":"2025-09-17T11:23:45","slug":"energetic-use-wood-criticism-justified-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.timberindustrynews.com\/ro\/energetic-use-wood-criticism-justified-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Energetic use of wood: is the criticism justified?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Concerned about the energy supply, many are turning to wood as a fuel. However, media reports have given the energetic use of wood a negative image. Do you have to have a bad conscience when heating with wood?<\/p>\n

The Bavarian State Institute for Forestry and Forestry (LWF) examines the points of criticism and presents the actual data and facts. We reproduce the article here in a greatly abbreviated form. You can find the full-length original article here ( from LWF aktuell 136).<\/p>\n

Health hazard from fine dust emissions<\/strong><\/p>\n

On the subject of particulate matter (that is, suspended particulate matter with a diameter of < 2.5 \u00b5m), it should be noted that particulate matter emissions fell by a total of 60% from 1995 to 2020 and by 47% from households and small consumers. So the air is getting cleaner. In return, however, the requirements for cleanliness of the air have become increasingly strict.<\/p>\n

Wood furnaces are responsible for almost one fifth of fine dust emissions in Germany. They come primarily from firewood single-room furnaces, where operating errors can hardly be avoided from a technical point of view. Modern central heating boilers operated with pellets or wood chips have almost no fine dust emissions.<\/p>\n

Burning wood is climate neutral<\/strong><\/p>\n

The emissions per kilowatt hour of heat for all three types of wood firing (logs, wood chips, pellets) are in the same range as solar energy and significantly lower than with oil or natural gas, but also than with heat pumps. The emissions that occur in the upstream chain \u2013 i.e. during felling, transport and processing \u2013 are also attributed to the wood firing. As long as the forest store of carbon does not decrease, but remains the same or continues to increase as before, the CO 2 emissions from wood burning do not burden the climate balance.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The LWF reveals that the increasingly widespread opinion that the fine dust emissions produced by the combustion of wood have a harmful effect on the climate in addition to being a health hazard. In fact, particulate matter tends to have a cooling effect on the climate.<\/p>\n

Efficiency of wood fuel<\/strong><\/p>\n

Critics of the energetic use of wood argue that the CO 2 emissions per unit of energy from wood firing would exceed the CO 2 emissions from fossil fuels.<\/p>\n

It is true that the combustion of natural gas and fuel oil releases less CO 2 per amount of energy provided than the combustion of wood. However, carbon from fossil sources, which was stored in the soil for many millions of years, also enters the carbon pool of the atmosphere and biosphere, further inflating it. It is practically impossible to remove. So fossil fuels exacerbate the CO 2 problem. wood not.<\/p>\n

So as long as the forest storage does not shrink, the extraction of wood and thus also the use of wood for energy is climate-neutral.<\/p>\n

The time effect in the fight against climate change<\/strong><\/p>\n

Climate experts believe that the next few years will be crucial for achieving the climate goals. It would be important to emit less CO 2 immediately. Critics of the energetic use of wood advocate emitting slightly less CO 2 from fossil sources into the atmosphere than a slightly larger amount of CO 2 from the biosphere for the same amount of energy. So you are of the opinion that you should leave the amount of wood that grows in the forest and use fossil fuels instead. Such considerations are entirely justified in the short term \u2013 but only if the CO 2 actually remains in the forest.<\/p>\n

However, it should not be forgotten that dead wood, like residual forest wood that is produced in the course of timber harvesting and left in the forest, is largely broken down again by microorganisms. The CO 2 originally bound in the wood is thereby released again. Even a complete renunciation of the use of wood would not lead to any positive effects. This would have the consequence that the material wood products would also have to be replaced by other materials - and this would in turn usually be associated with a significantly greater consumption of fossil fuels.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

A positive effect of decommissioning on the forest storage itself could only be expected if an expansion of the forest storage was possible. However, according to the LWF experts, this option is unrealistic.<\/p>\n

Offsetting the forest storage with the energy substitution<\/strong><\/p>\n

A further argument against wood energy is that the increase in forest storage binds more CO 2 than is avoided by substituting fossil fuels. However, according to the LWF, this argument overestimates the possibilities of further stockpiling and the resulting storage of additional CO 2 in the forests.<\/p>\n

A build-up of stocks of more than 1,000 m\u00b3 of wood per hectare is possible in individual forest stands, but not at the landscape and state level. Forest stands of all ages occur on these plains, which is why much lower average stands are the norm there.<\/p>\n

The LWF assumes that the maximum achievable wood stocks at the landscape level are around 400 m\u00b3 per hectare. According to the FAO (2015), there are only nine countries in the world where the wood stocks in the forests are more than 300 m\u00b3 per hectare, including Germany.<\/p>\n

An investigation by Knoke (1998) in 13 selection forests of the Bavarian Forest resulted in a reserve of 408 m\u00b3 per ha. This result is supported by an investigation by Schulze et al. (2022) confirmed. They evaluated inventory data from several hundred forest stands and determined average stocks of just over 400 m\u00b3, which also included deadwood stocks. According to the national forest inventory from 2012 (BWI 2012), the wood stock in the forests of Bavaria was 396 m\u00b3\/ha, i.e. very close to the realistic limit of 400 m\u00b3\/ha.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Nevertheless, with \u00a7 3a of the Climate Protection Act, the federal government decided to further expand the forest storage facility. By 2045, a sink capacity of 40 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent is to be achieved - 2.4 times more than in 2020. However, the federal government writes in the climate protection report 2021: \"According to forecasts, the sink capacity of the forests could increase due to the age structure of the forest stands and weather-related forest damage as well as as a result of Changes in the use of wood decrease.\u00ab So the discrepancy between desire and reality is well known.<\/p>\n

Relationship between climate protection and nature conservation<\/strong><\/p>\n

There are calls to no longer manage large areas of forest in favor of nature conservation (see National Biodiversity Strategy, EU Biodiversity Strategy). In order to achieve this goal more easily, nature conservation interests are often combined with those of climate protection. The federal government's \"Natural Climate Protection\" action program speaks of synergies between climate protection and nature conservation and thus emphasizes the harmony of nature conservation and climate protection interests. For example, it is claimed that more carbon would be stored in unmanaged forests.<\/p>\n

The study by Schulze et al. (2022) does not support this thesis. When comparing stocks (including deadwood) of unmanaged stands with managed stands, no significant differences in wood stocks of living and dead biomass were found for coniferous stands. In the case of deciduous forests, on the other hand, the stock of unmanaged stands was somewhat larger.<\/p>\n

However, in both cases there was a significantly greater growth in wood in the managed stands - the expected sink effect of unmanaged forests is at least questionable. In addition, the forest storage in Bavaria, as already shown, has almost reached its maximum.<\/p>\n

Climate washing<\/strong><\/p>\n

Climate washing is the whitewashing of climate balance sheets. In the Framework Convention on Climate Change, countries around the world have agreed to balance their greenhouse gases separately by sector and for each country (source and territorial principle). The EU regulation that regulates European reporting (so-called Monitoring Regulation) states: \u00bbThe emission factor for biomass is zero\u00ab. This statement led to some European countries, especially coastal countries, converting their coal-fired power plants to pellets and importing the pellets from overseas.<\/p>\n

This relieves your energy sector when balancing fossil CO 2 emissions. You do not have to consider the effects of using pellets for your forest storage. This happens at the expense of the supplier countries overseas: These countries would have to include the effects that the provision of pellets has on the forest storage when balancing their LULUCF sector ( L and U se, Land - U se Change and F orestry ). The concern of many scientists, however, is that the supplying countries do not balance their forest storage correctly.<\/p>\n

In Germany, on the other hand, pellets are usually made from wood residues that arise when raw wood is processed into products for material use. This procedure is not criticized by science. Germany is self-sufficient in pellets, in 2021 even 431,000 tons of wood pellets were exported net. The accusation of climate washing against Germany would therefore be unjustified.<\/p>\n

Cascading use<\/strong><\/p>\n

Another objection to the use of wood for energy is that wood is a scarce raw material. A material use of wood would keep the carbon bound longer in the wood product store. Replacing energy-intensive products such as steel or bricks with wood products also helps to save fossil energy (material substitution). These statements are all correct. However, not all trees or parts of trees are suitable for material use. A local energetic use of the small wood is then more expedient than a long-distance transport to distant plants.<\/p>\n

Wood is stored energy<\/strong><\/p>\n

When comparing wood to other renewable energy sources, it is often overlooked that wood represents stored energy that can be accessed at any point in time. Electricity generated by wind or photovoltaics must first be stored in batteries or pumped storage lakes or used to generate hydrogen if it is not used immediately. In all cases, this results in considerable conversion losses.<\/p>\n

Wood is a domestic and therefore crisis-proof energy resource<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Ukraine war shows us the extent to which Germany is dependent on other countries for fossil fuels. These countries are often not governed democratically and are willing to use their resources as leverage to assert political interests. It is understandable that people, worried about their heat supply next winter, increasingly switch to energy wood. Although the prices of some wood fuels have also risen in recent years - even sharply in recent months - they are still much less volatile and erratic than the oil price.<\/p>\n

In addition, wood energy can be procured decentrally from regional suppliers and there is the option of doing your own work, e.g. B. to provide through self-promotion. Wood energy is therefore comparatively inexpensive and an alternative to other energy resources, especially for low-income households or structurally weak regions.<\/p>\n

Summary: No bad conscience when heating with wood<\/strong><\/p>\n

The energetic use of wood is criticized and causes discussions. The contribution of the LWF deals with the points of criticism of the energetic use of wood and shows facts about it. On the one hand, the authors name options for largely avoiding fine dust emissions from wood burning. On the other hand, they compare the energetic use of wood with the burning of fossil fuels and compare their effects on the climate. In addition, the authors explain how they assess the feasibility and effects of increasing CO 2- Assess storage potential through stock building and decommissioning of forests. They come to the conclusion that the energetic use of wood gives no cause for a bad conscience as long as it is within the framework shown.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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